A plate shearing machine, also known as a guillotine shear, is a machine tool used to cut metal plates into desired lengths and widths. It works by using a sharp blade to apply a shearing force to the metal plate, causing it to separate along a straight line. These machines are essential in metalworking industries such as fabrication, construction, and automotive for cutting various types of metal sheets and plates.
The concept of shearing metal dates back to ancient times when simple hand - operated shears were used. However, the modern plate shearing machine as we know it today has its roots in the industrial revolution. As the demand for more precise and efficient metal - cutting methods grew, mechanical and hydraulic plate shearing machines were developed. Early machines were relatively simple in design and operation. Over time, with advancements in engineering, materials science, and automation, plate shearing machines have become more accurate, powerful, and capable of handling a wide range of plate thicknesses and sizes.
The principle of a plate shearing machine is based on the application of a shearing force. The metal plate to be cut is placed on the machine's worktable. The upper blade, which is usually sharp and mounted on a movable ram, is positioned above the plate. When the machine is activated, the ram descends, and the upper blade moves down to meet the lower blade (which is fixed on the worktable). As the blades come together, they exert a shearing force on the plate, causing it to deform plastically and then fracture along the line between the blades. The shearing process is designed to ensure a clean and straight cut. The force required for shearing depends on factors such as the thickness and type of the metal plate, as well as the blade geometry and the speed of the cutting operation.