A photovoltaic inverter is a key device in a photovoltaic power generation system that converts the direct current (DC) electricity generated by photovoltaic cells into alternating current (AC) electricity that can be used by the power grid or for local consumption. It acts as an interface between the photovoltaic modules and the electrical grid or the load, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the photovoltaic power generation system.
In the early days of photovoltaic power generation, inverters were relatively simple and had limited functions. As the photovoltaic industry developed, the demand for more efficient and reliable inverters increased. In the 1980s and 1990s, with the continuous progress of power electronics technology, the performance and reliability of photovoltaic inverters began to improve significantly. In recent years, with the large-scale development of photovoltaic power generation, inverters have continuously evolved, with higher conversion efficiency, better grid connection performance, and more intelligent control functions.
Photovoltaic inverters mainly use power electronics conversion technology. The DC electricity generated by the photovoltaic cells is first filtered and regulated to a stable DC voltage. Then, through the inverter circuit, which usually consists of power transistors or insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), the DC voltage is converted into AC voltage. The inverter circuit controls the switching of the transistors according to a certain modulation strategy to generate AC voltage with the desired frequency and waveform. At the same time, the inverter continuously monitors the grid voltage and frequency and adjusts the output AC voltage and frequency to match the grid parameters through feedback control, ensuring the grid connection and power quality.
1. High conversion efficiency: With the continuous progress of technology, modern photovoltaic inverters have a relatively high conversion efficiency, usually above 90% and even higher in some advanced models. High conversion efficiency means that more DC power generated by the photovoltaic cells can be converted into AC power for use, reducing power losses and improving the overall energy efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
2. Wide input voltage range: It can adapt to a wide range of DC input voltages generated by photovoltaic cells under different light intensities and temperatures. This allows the inverter to operate stably even when the photovoltaic system is affected by factors such as weather and seasons, ensuring continuous power generation and conversion.
3. Good grid connection performance: It has excellent grid connection characteristics, including low harmonic distortion, fast response to grid voltage and frequency fluctuations, and the ability to meet the grid connection standards and requirements. It can ensure the stable operation of the power grid and the safe and reliable connection of the photovoltaic system to the grid.[!--empirenews.page--]
4. Intelligent control and monitoring: Equipped with intelligent control and monitoring functions, it can monitor the operating status of the photovoltaic system in real time and adjust the operation parameters automatically according to the actual situation. For example, it can implement MPPT control to maximize the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system and detect and handle faults in a timely manner, improving the reliability and maintainability of the system.
5. Multiple protection functions: It has various protection functions such as overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, over-temperature protection, and anti-islanding protection. These protection functions can effectively protect the inverter and other components of the photovoltaic system from damage caused by abnormal conditions and ensure the safety of the system and the grid.
6. Compact size and light weight: Due to the continuous improvement of power electronics technology and the miniaturization of components, modern photovoltaic inverters have a relatively compact size and light weight, which is convenient for installation and transportation and can save installation space and costs.
Some common terms in photovoltaic inverter technology include DC to AC conversion, conversion efficiency, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), harmonic distortion, grid connection, anti-islanding protection, overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, over-temperature protection, central inverter, string inverter, micro inverter, etc. Understanding these terms is helpful for better understanding and operation of photovoltaic inverters.