Home / Manufacturer Category / Automatic Intelligence / Industrial Automation Equipment

Top 10 Industrial Robots Brand & Manufacturers

This section provides a list of the top 10 Industrial Robots manufacturers, Website links, company profile, locations is provided for each company. Also provides a detailed product description of the Industrial Robots, including product introduction, history, purpose, principle, characteristics, types, usage and purchase precautions, etc.

Manufacturers （Ranking in no particular order）

: Fanuc Corporation

Address: Overseas International Japan

Company website: https://www.fanuc.com/

Company Overview

FANUC is a company with significant influence in the fields of CNC systems, factory automation, robots and intelligent machinery. FANUC has established more than 200 service outlets around the world and provides technical support to more than 100 countries and regions. FANUC Group, a global factory automation industry manufacturer, provides users with highly reliable robots, robot automation engineering, all-electric injection molding equipment, high-precision EDM machines, small machining centers and complete sets of automation processing engineering with its strong R&D, design and manufacturing capabilities, helping customers stand out in the fierce market competition. FANUC also provides software, control and vision systems, and integrates them into the developed automation engineering. In China, after Shanghai FANUC built a new factory in Baoshan in 2002, it successively established wholly-owned subsidiaries in Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chongqing. Relying on the local advantageous industrial clusters, integrating advantageous technical resources, building an intelligent manufacturing ecosystem, and setting up offices in Tianjin, Taiyuan, Shenyang, Yantai, Liuzhou, Zhengzhou and other places, radiating across the country, providing users with high-quality intelligent manufacturing solutions and timely and thoughtful after-sales service.

: Yaskawa Electric (China) Co., Ltd.

Address: 22/F, Link Plaza Tower 1, 222 Hubin Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai

Company website: https://www.yaskawa-global.com/

Company Overview

Since the establishment of Yaskawa Electric in 1915, it has been committed to the rapid development of global industry and the realization of human dreams. Yaskawa Electric has contributed to the development of industry and society with four major businesses: drive control, motion control, robotics and system engineering. Through its leading quality and technology, Yaskawa Electric provides the world with inverter drive products that contribute to environmental protection, support comfortable life, and improve the efficiency and productivity of industrial machinery. Since Yaskawa Electric proposed the term "Mechatronics" in 1969, it has been committed to the combination of electrical products and machinery. Since the launch of the transistor inverter (VS-616T) in 1974, it has always been based on the customer's perspective, meeting customer needs with unremitting quality and providing customers with innovative products. In 2017, a new series of inverters were launched - the high-performance multi-function inverter GA700 and the multi-function inverter CH700 for hoisting. The new series of inverters inherits the high quality that Yaskawa is proud of, and provides customers with the appropriate "answers" with the concept of versatility, ease of use and peace of mind. The AC servo "∑ series" that integrates YASKAWA mechatronics has a product line that covers AC servo motors, direct drive motors, linear motors, and actuators suitable for customer machinery, and is committed to contributing to the high speed and high functionality of customer machinery. Yaskawa Robot "YASKAWA" is active in various industrial fields around the world, such as automotive parts, machinery, motors, metals, and logistics. Adhering to the belief of using robots that are useful to humans to expand the possibilities of the future, Yaskawa has developed the Motoman New Century dual-arm robot to replace difficult assembly and other complex tasks, and has mass-produced it and put it on the market globally. Yaskawa's multifunctional robots are based on the concept of "providing solutions". While attaching importance to customer communication and dialogue, they provide appropriate solutions for broader needs and a variety of problems, and implement full support for FA.CIM systems. Today, Yaskawa Robot "YASKAWA" is active in various industrial fields around the world, such as automotive parts, machinery, motors, metals, and logistics. As a company that provides overall solutions, Yaskawa Electric (China) Co., Ltd. has been committed to contributing to the advancement of China's industries since its establishment, and has continuously provided world-renowned products and technologies to the Chinese market. As a leading company in motor control, Yaskawa Electric's reliable motion control technology meets the needs of the world. In the future, Yaskawa will continue to take "serving human needs and protecting the earth's environment" as its mission and work together with everyone.

: ABB (China) Co., Ltd.

Address: Hengtong Guangsha, No. 10 Jiuxianqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

Company website: https://global.abb

Company Overview

ABB is a technology leader in the field of electrical and automation, committed to enabling a more sustainable and efficient future. ABB integrates engineering experience and software technology into solutions to optimize manufacturing, transportation, energy and operations. With a history of more than 140 years, ABB has about 105,000 employees around the world to promote innovation and accelerate industrial transformation. ABB was formed in 1988 by the merger of two international companies with a history of more than 100 years, Sweden's ASIA and Switzerland's Brown Boveri, and is headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland. ABB's relationship with China can be traced back to 1907, when ABB provided a steam boiler to China. After years of rapid development, ABB has business activities such as R&D, manufacturing, sales and engineering services in China, with about 30 local companies and about 15,000 employees in nearly 130 cities, and online and offline channels covering nearly 700 cities. ABB has invested more than 20 billion yuan in China, and about 85% of its sales revenue comes from locally manufactured products, systems and services. ABB's global business is divided into four major divisions, each of which consists of specific business units focusing on different industries and product categories. ABB's electrical technology in the electrical division covers the entire electrical value chain from substations to terminal electricity consumption, enabling a safer and more reliable power supply. ABB's medium and low voltage products and systems integrate a series of digital and interconnected technological innovations, including electric vehicle infrastructure, photovoltaic inverters, modular substations, distribution automation, terminal distribution protection, switches and sockets, switchgear, distribution cabinets, distribution boxes, electrical installation, measurement and sensing, and control products. The products, systems and services of the process automation division are designed to optimize the production efficiency of industrial processes. Industry solutions include turnkey projects, control systems, measurement products, full life cycle services, outsourced maintenance and industry-specific products (such as ship propulsion systems, mining cranes, turbochargers and pulp testing equipment). The main products of the motion control division include motors, generators, frequency converters, mechanical power transmission devices, wind power and traction converters, etc. ABB's motion control division is a global supplier of high-quality frequency converters and motors. Robotics and Discrete Automation Division ABB's Robotics and Discrete Automation Division provides value-added services for robots, machinery and factory automation. We help create visible customer value through integrated automation solutions, application expertise covering various industries and a global business layout.

: KUKA Robotics Manufacturing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Address: Building 8, 9, 10, 11, No. 889, Kungang Road, Xiaokunshan Town, Songjiang District, Shanghai

Company website: https://www.kuka.com/

Company Overview

KUKA Robotics GmbH was founded in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany in 1898 and is one of the world's leading industrial robot manufacturers. KUKA Robotics has more than 20 subsidiaries around the world, most of which are sales and service centers, including the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, India and most European countries. The company's name, KUKA, is a combination of the four initials of Keller und Knappich Augsburg, and it is also a registered trademark for all KUKA products. In January 2017, Chinese home appliance company Midea Group successfully acquired 94.55% of the shares of German robot company KUKA. KUKA is an internationally renowned automation group company with a turnover of 3.3 billion euros and about 14,000 employees. The company is headquartered in Augsburg, Germany. As one of the global suppliers of intelligent automation solutions, KUKA provides customers with one-stop solutions: including robots, work cells, fully automatic systems and networks, serving the automotive, electronics, metals, plastics, consumer goods, e-commerce, retail and healthcare markets.

: Epson (China) Co., Ltd.

Address: 4th Floor, Building 1, China Central Place, No. 81 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

Company website: https://epson.com/usa

Company Overview

Epson is a global technology leader headquartered in Japan, with annual global sales exceeding 1 trillion yen. Through its original "saving, small, and precise technology" and "digital technology", Epson is committed to jointly creating a sustainable society that connects people, objects, and information, making the world more harmonious and beautiful. Continuous innovation in the fields of office and home printing, commercial and industrial printing, manufacturing, vision, and lifestyle. About Epson (China) Co., Ltd. Epson entered China in the 1980s and has gone through three stages: trade, investment and factory construction, and comprehensive layout. After more than 40 years of development, Epson has established a complete manufacturing, sales, and service network. Epson (China) Co., Ltd. was established in 1998. The company is headquartered in Beijing and has 12 branches across the country. As a regional headquarters, it is responsible for the overall investment and business expansion of Epson in China. Epson's business in China mainly includes information-related product businesses such as printers, scanners, and projectors, electronic components business, and industrial robot business. Its products have won the love of Chinese consumers with their excellent quality and energy-saving and environmentally friendly characteristics.

: Nanjing Estun Automation Co., Ltd.

Address: No. 155, Jiangjun Avenue, Economic Development Zone, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province

Company website: https://en.estun.com/

Company Overview

Estun Automation (listed company on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, stock code 002747) was founded in 1993. Since its establishment, the company has adhered to the cornerstone of openness, innovation, struggle and common growth as the cornerstone of the company's development, and insisted on taking the right path of independent research and development of core technologies, laying a solid foundation of integrity for the company to go global and become a respected international brand. After nearly 30 years of continuous hard work by all employees of the company, thanks to the company's focus on the layout of the complete ecological chain of automation, maintaining an R&D investment of about 10% of annual revenue, and the strong support of the global resource platform built by international development, the company has successfully cultivated three core businesses: 1. Industrial automation series products; 2. Industrial robot series products; 3. Industrial digital series products. As one of the earliest companies in China to independently develop AC servo systems, the industrial automation series product line includes a full range of AC servo systems, inverters, PLCs, touch screens, visual products and motion control systems, as well as motion control and robot integrated intelligent unit products with Trio control system as the core, providing customers with personalized automation solutions from single axis-single machine-unit. The industrial robot product line has been developed at a super-high speed with the support of the company's independent core components. The products have formed a complete series of more than 54 specifications, mainly six-axis robots, with a load range of 3kg-700kg. It has leading customers and a large market share in sub-sectors such as new energy, welding, metal processing, 3C electronics, and construction machinery. In 2021, the company entered the field of industrial intelligence and digital manufacturing. With the advantage of controlling the data entry of automation equipment, through Estun's unified cloud platform and unified OPCUA communication protocol, it provides customers with a remote access platform for automation equipment, as well as various digital value-added services, including equipment data collection and edge computing, operation status monitoring, process quality monitoring, production efficiency improvement, material consumption control and other digital management services. Becoming an international Chinese enterprise is Estun's core development strategy. In addition to having many branches and subsidiaries in Hubei, Guangdong, Shanghai and other places in China, the company also has wholly-owned or holding companies overseas, including Trio in the UK, Cloos in Germany, MAi in Germany, R&D center in Italy, and shares in Barrett in the United States, etc. It has an internationally leading competitive position in motion control solutions, welding robots and rehabilitation robots, laying a solid foundation for the company to implement its international development strategy. In the future, Estun will continue to uphold the business philosophy of creating value for customers and helping them grow, focus on segmented industry solutions and special products, focus on and serve outstanding customers in the industry, make full use of the company's motion control + robot collaborative advantages, provide the industry with more competitive integrated automation solutions, and embark on a development path with Estun characteristics.

: Shenzhen Inovance Technology Co., Ltd.

Address: Building E, Hongwei Industrial Park, Liuxian 2nd Road, Baocheng District 70, Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong

Company website: https://www.inovance.eu/home

Company Overview

Shenzhen Inovance Technology Co., Ltd. ("Inovance Technology") was founded in 2003. It focuses on automation, digitization and intelligence in the industrial field, and focuses on the core technologies of "information layer, control layer, drive layer, execution layer and sensor layer". It focuses on the research and development, production and sales of industrial automation control products, and is positioned to serve high-end equipment manufacturers. It is based on industrial automation control technology with independent intellectual property rights, and its main business model is to quickly provide customers with personalized solutions. It continues to be committed to promoting industrial civilization with leading technology, and quickly providing customers with smarter, more accurate and more cutting-edge comprehensive products and solutions. It is a leader in the field of industrial automation control in China and a listed company. Inovance Technology has more than 30 branches and subsidiaries in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai, Ningbo, Changchun, Hong Kong, etc.

: Kawasaki Robotics (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.

Address: 1/2 Floor, Building 6, No. 19, Xinhuan West Road, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone

Company website: https://global.kawasaki.com/en/index.html

Company Overview

Kawasaki Heavy Industries began producing domestic industrial robots in 1969. Since then, the company has been contributing to the development of the automotive industry and various industries in Japan and abroad as a leading company together with its customers. As a pioneer among industrial robot manufacturers, Kawasaki Heavy Industries has developed and supplied high-quality, high-performance Kawasaki robots for welding, assembly and handling, painting, palletizing, and other applications for various industries such as automobiles, electrical machinery, and electronics based on the technology and experience accumulated over the past 50 years. The company is committed to providing solutions that meet customer needs, such as automation, labor saving, improved productivity and quality, and improved working environment. Kawasaki Heavy Industries is a comprehensive construction machinery manufacturer with a wide range of businesses including ships, railway vehicles, aircraft, motorcycles, gas turbines, gas engines, industrial plants, hydraulic equipment, robots, etc. Kawasaki Heavy Industries and more than 100 affiliated companies in Japan and abroad form a "technology enterprise group" - "Kawasaki Heavy Industries Group". Kawasaki Technology has a history of over 100 years. The company has created new value by relying on the professional technology it has honed in the past, and based on the concept of contributing to social development, it delivers a variety of colorful products for land, sea, air, and even to the distant universe and the deep sea.

: Shenyang Siasun Robot & Automation Co., Ltd.

Address: No. 33, Quanyun Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Company website: https://en.siasun.com

Company Overview

Shenyang Siasun Robot Automation Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Siasun") was established in 2000. It is a high-tech listed company with robot technology and intelligent manufacturing solutions as its core. Siasun has a research and development innovation team of more than 4,000 people. It insists on taking the road of independent innovation, has completed more than 800 important national scientific and technological research projects, and has more than 1,300 invention patents. As a national robot industrialization base, Siasun takes intelligent manufacturing as its main business direction, provides core support for the whole system for industrial upgrading, and has created a full industry value chain integrating independent core technology, core components, core products and industry system solutions. Siasun has three core products with independent intellectual property rights, namely industrial robots, mobile robots and special robots, as well as three application technology directions of welding automation, assembly automation and logistics automation. At the same time, it continues to incubate emerging businesses around the national strategic direction, forming N+ strategic industries such as semiconductor equipment, collaborative robots, smart cities, and smart health care, and building a healthy, scientific and sustainable industrial system. Based in China, serving the world! Siasun is headquartered in Shenyang, and has built industrial parks in many domestic economic hotspots such as Shenyang, Shanghai, Qingdao, Tianjin, and Wuxi. At the same time, we actively layout the international market, and set up overseas branches, subsidiaries and regional centers in Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Germany and other places. We have professional project engineering teams and advanced R&D and production bases overseas to realize the localization implementation and service of overseas projects. Our products have been exported to more than 40 countries and regions around the world, providing industrial upgrading services for more than 4,000 international companies, and establishing in-depth cooperative relations with many Fortune 500 companies. The scale customer group accounts for as much as 2/3! Shouldering the sacred mission of "Robots make the world a better place", SIASUN will adhere to the integrity and innovation, strive for progress in the new era and new journey, always maintain the "Chinese speed", always create the "Chinese level", aim to lead the industry, and strive to create world-class!

: Nachi-Fujikoshi (China) Co., Ltd.

Address: 5th Floor, Building A, National Exhibition and Convention Center, 1988 Zhuguang Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai

Company website: http://www.nachi-fujikoshi.co.jp/eng/

Company Overview

NACHI CO., LTD. is a comprehensive manufacturing enterprise from raw material products to machine tools. Based on the various technologies accumulated in the four major businesses of cutting tools, machining in the field of machine tools, unmanned automated robots, bearings, hydraulic parts and other functional parts, raw materials, heat treatment, coatings and other materials, it gives full play to its comprehensive advantages and makes its own contribution to the development of the manufacturing industry. By continuously enriching the product series with high precision and strong functions, it strives to build the NACHI brand. As a base for manufacturing, sales, and technical engineering services, NACHI NACHI has established the "NACHI China Business Center". As the core company of NACHI's Chinese business, NACHI NACHI (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd. adheres to the mission of providing high-quality products to the world and serving the Chinese manufacturing industry and actively carries out business activities. Each manufacturing plant also provides precision cutting tool grinding services, production of cutting tools and ball bearings for automotive air conditioners, hydraulic motors and hydraulic stations, and production and services of functional parts for automotive drive systems. NACHI business is continuously carried out from multiple perspectives, allowing the Chinese business that is adapted to the development stage to take deep roots and flourish. NACHI (China) Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of NACHI CO., LTD. in Shanghai. The main factory is located in Toyama, Japan, and is mainly engaged in the manufacturing of functional parts, machine tools, materials and other machinery. Since its establishment in 1928, it has been adhering to the business philosophy of "contributing to the development of the world's manufacturing industry" and constantly combining various core technologies to promote research and development. At present, the company's main products include bearings, cutting tools, machine tools, hydraulic equipment, robots for automated production, special steels, ultra-precision machinery for the IT industry and its environmental systems. The company has a Tokyo headquarters and multiple production bases in North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Greater China. It has established permanent representative offices and sales outlets around the world, which can quickly grasp market trends and provide faster services to global customers.

Categories related to Industrial Robots

Industrial Robots Information

Information

Industrial Robots Information

What is an Industrial Robot?

An industrial robot is a programmable, multi - functional mechanical device designed to perform a variety of tasks in an industrial setting. It typically consists of a manipulator arm with multiple joints, an end - effector (such as a gripper, welding torch, or paint sprayer), and a control system. Industrial robots can automate repetitive, complex, or dangerous tasks with high precision and speed, improving productivity and quality in manufacturing and other industrial processes.

History of Industrial Robots

The concept of industrial robots dates back to the 1950s and 1960s. The first industrial robot, Unimate, was introduced in 1961. It was used in a General Motors plant for tasks such as die - casting and handling hot metal parts. Over the years, with advancements in technology such as computer - aided design and control, sensors, and artificial intelligence, industrial robots have become more sophisticated. They have expanded from simple pick - and - place operations to complex tasks like welding, painting, assembly, and inspection, playing a crucial role in modern manufacturing.

Purpose of Industrial Robots

Manufacturing and Assembly: Industrial robots are widely used in the manufacturing industry to assemble products. They can handle components with high precision, ensuring consistent quality and faster production rates. For example, in the automotive industry, robots are used to assemble car parts such as engines, transmissions, and body panels.
Material Handling: They are used to move materials and products around the factory floor. Robots can lift, transport, and stack heavy or bulky items, reducing the physical strain on human workers and increasing the efficiency of material flow. In warehouses, robots can load and unload goods from shelves and transport them to the packing area.
Welding and Joining: Industrial robots equipped with welding tools can perform precise and consistent welding operations. They can follow complex welding paths, adjust welding parameters in real - time, and work in hazardous environments such as those with high heat or fumes. This is beneficial in industries like shipbuilding and construction of metal structures.
Painting and Coating: Robots are used to apply paint, varnish, or other coatings to products. They can achieve a more even and consistent finish compared to manual painting. The ability to precisely control the spray pattern and paint thickness makes them ideal for applications in the furniture, automotive, and appliance industries.

Principle of Industrial Robots

Industrial robots operate based on a combination of mechanical, electrical, and software principles. The mechanical structure of the robot arm allows it to move in multiple degrees of freedom. The joints are usually powered by electric motors or hydraulic/pneumatic actuators. The control system uses a combination of programming and sensors. The robot is programmed to follow a specific path or sequence of movements. Sensors such as position sensors, force sensors, and vision sensors provide feedback to the control system, enabling the robot to adjust its movements in real - time. For example, a vision - sensor - equipped robot can identify and pick up objects of different shapes and sizes from a conveyor belt.

Features of Industrial Robots

Precision and Accuracy: Industrial robots can achieve extremely high precision in their movements. They can repeat the same task with a very small margin of error, which is crucial for tasks such as micro - electronics assembly and precision machining. The accuracy can be in the range of a few micrometers, depending on the robot's design and the control system.
Speed and Efficiency: They can operate at high speeds, significantly increasing the productivity of industrial processes. Robots can work continuously without breaks, fatigue, or distractions, allowing for 24/7 production in some cases. The high - speed operation also reduces the cycle time for tasks such as pick - and - place operations and assembly.
Programmability and Flexibility: Industrial robots are highly programmable. They can be reprogrammed to perform different tasks or adapt to changes in the production process. This flexibility allows manufacturers to quickly reconfigure their production lines to meet changing demands or introduce new products.
Safety Features: Modern industrial robots are equipped with a variety of safety features. These include emergency stop buttons, safety fences, and sensors that can detect the presence of humans in the robot's working area. Some robots are designed to operate in collaborative mode, where they can work safely alongside humans without causing harm.

Types of Industrial Robots[!--empirenews.page--]

Articulated Robots: These have a series of rotary joints, similar to a human arm. They are the most common type of industrial robot and are highly flexible in terms of movement. Articulated robots can reach around objects and perform complex tasks such as welding, painting, and assembly. They are used in a wide range of industries, including automotive, electronics, and aerospace.
Cartesian Robots: Also known as gantry robots, they have three linear axes (X, Y, and Z) and operate in a rectangular coordinate system. Cartesian robots are known for their high precision and are often used for pick - and - place operations, CNC machining, and 3D printing. They are well - suited for applications where straight - line movements and precise positioning are required.
SCARA Robots: SCARA stands for Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm. These robots have a cylindrical coordinate system and are designed for high - speed, high - precision assembly tasks. They have a compliant wrist that allows for some flexibility in the vertical direction while maintaining rigidity in the horizontal plane. SCARA robots are commonly used in the electronics and small - parts assembly industries.
Delta Robots: These robots have a parallel - link structure and are known for their extremely high - speed pick - and - place operations. Delta robots are often used in applications such as packaging, where they can quickly move small objects from one location to another. Their unique design allows for a large working area and high - speed movements without sacrificing accuracy.

Precautions for using Industrial Robots

Programming and Training: Operators and programmers need to be properly trained to program and operate the robots. Incorrect programming can lead to collisions, damage to the robot or the workpieces, and even safety hazards. Training should cover programming languages, safety procedures, and troubleshooting.
Safety Precautions: As industrial robots can be dangerous due to their high - speed movements and powerful actuators, strict safety measures must be implemented. This includes installing safety fences, using safety sensors to detect human presence, and ensuring that all personnel are aware of the robot's operating procedures and safety protocols.
Maintenance and Inspection: Regular maintenance is essential to keep the robots in good working condition. This includes checking and lubricating the joints, inspecting the cables and sensors, and updating the software. Any signs of wear, damage, or abnormal behavior should be addressed promptly to avoid breakdowns and production disruptions.

Things to consider when purchasing Industrial Robots

Task Requirements: Determine the specific tasks the robot will perform, such as welding, assembly, or material handling. Consider the complexity of the tasks, the required precision, and the speed of operation. This will help you select the most appropriate type of robot and its capabilities.
Payload and Reach: Consider the weight of the objects the robot will handle (payload) and the distance it needs to cover (reach). Make sure the robot's specifications match the requirements of your production process. A robot with insufficient payload or reach may not be able to perform the intended tasks effectively.
Programming and Integration: Evaluate the ease of programming and the ability of the robot to integrate with other equipment in your production line. Some robots come with user - friendly programming interfaces, while others may require more advanced programming skills. Compatibility with existing automation systems and software is also an important factor.
Cost and Return on Investment: Consider the cost of the robot, including the purchase price, installation costs, and ongoing maintenance and operating expenses. Calculate the return on investment based on the productivity gains, quality improvements, and labor savings the robot will bring to your business.

Terms of Industrial Robots

End - effector: The tool or device attached to the end of the robot arm that interacts with the workpiece. Examples include grippers, welding torches, and paint sprayers.
Degrees of Freedom: The number of independent ways a robot can move. For example, an articulated robot typically has six degrees of freedom, allowing it to move and orient in a three - dimensional space.
Collaborative Robot (Cobot): A type of industrial robot designed to work safely in close proximity to humans. Cobots are equipped with sensors and safety features that allow them to interact with human operators without causing harm.
Robot Programming: The process of creating a set of instructions for the robot to follow. This can involve using programming languages, graphical interfaces, or teach - pendant devices to define the robot's movements and tasks.[!--empirenews.page--]