Top 10 Connector Brand & Manufacturers

What is a Connector?

A connector is a mechanical or electro - mechanical device that is used to join or terminate electrical conductors, optical fibers, or other transmission media. It provides a means to establish an electrical or optical connection between two or more components, such as wires, cables, printed circuit boards (PCBs), or electronic devices. Connectors come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and types, depending on the specific application and the requirements for signal or power transmission.

History of Connector

• Early Developments: The concept of connectors dates back to the early days of electricity. As electrical systems became more complex, the need for a reliable way to connect and disconnect wires arose. Early connectors were simple mechanical devices, often consisting of screw - type terminals or spring - loaded clips. These were used in telegraph and early telephone systems to connect wires for signal transmission.
• Technological Advancements: With the growth of electronics in the 20th century, connectors evolved to meet the demands of new technologies. The development of the transistor and later the integrated circuit led to the need for smaller and more precise connectors. Miniaturization techniques allowed for the creation of connectors that could handle high - density signal transmission, such as those used in computer motherboards and early microelectronics.
• Modern Developments: In modern times, connectors have become highly specialized and diverse. There are connectors designed for high - speed data transmission (such as USB, HDMI, and Ethernet connectors), connectors for power - intensive applications (high - current power connectors), and connectors for harsh environments (waterproof, shock - resistant, and high - temperature - tolerant connectors). The development of fiber - optic communication has also led to the creation of optical connectors for efficient light - signal transmission.

Purpose of Connector

• Electrical and Signal Transmission: Connectors are primarily used to transmit electrical power or signals between different components. In an electronic device, connectors join the power supply to the internal circuitry, allowing the device to receive the necessary electrical energy. For signal transmission, connectors enable the transfer of data, audio, video, or other electrical signals between different parts of a system, such as between a computer and a peripheral device or between different circuit boards in a complex electronic equipment.
• Interchangeability and Modularity: They provide a means to easily connect and disconnect components, allowing for easy replacement, repair, or upgrade of parts. For example, in a modular electronic system, connectors enable the user to swap out a faulty module or upgrade to a new one without having to re - wire the entire system. This modularity also facilitates the assembly and disassembly of complex equipment during manufacturing or maintenance.
• Mechanical Support: Connectors can also provide mechanical support to the connected components. They help to hold wires or cables in place, reducing the risk of damage due to movement, vibration, or other mechanical stresses. In some cases, connectors are designed to withstand significant mechanical forces, such as in automotive and aerospace applications, where they must endure vibrations, shocks, and temperature fluctuations.

Principle of Connector

• Electrical Contact: At the heart of a connector's function is the establishment of a reliable electrical contact. This is typically achieved through the use of conductive materials such as metals (copper, gold - plated contacts are common). The contact surfaces are designed to ensure a low - resistance path for current flow. When the connector is mated (connected), the male and female parts come into contact, allowing electrons to flow between the connected conductors. In some connectors, spring - loaded contacts or other mechanisms are used to ensure a consistent and reliable contact force over time and under different environmental conditions.
• Signal Integrity: For connectors used in signal - transmission applications, maintaining signal integrity is crucial. This involves minimizing signal attenuation, crosstalk, and reflection. The design of the connector, including the geometry of the contacts, the use of shielding (in the case of high - speed or sensitive signals), and the impedance - matching characteristics, all play a role in ensuring that the signal is transmitted accurately from one end to the other. For example, high - speed digital connectors like USB and HDMI have carefully designed contacts and shielding to support high - data - rate transmissions without significant signal degradation.

Features of Connector

• Contact Configuration: Connectors have different contact configurations, including the number of pins or contacts. Some connectors may have only a few contacts for simple power or signal connections, while others can have dozens or even hundreds of contacts for high - density applications such as in computer backplanes or server motherboards. The arrangement of contacts can also vary, such as in a linear row, a circular pattern, or a matrix configuration.
• Insertion and Withdrawal Force: The force required to insert and withdraw a connector is an important characteristic. A connector should have an appropriate insertion force that allows for easy mating without excessive force that could damage the contacts or the connected components. Similarly, the withdrawal force should be such that the connector can be easily disconnected when needed, but not so low that accidental disconnections occur. The insertion and withdrawal forces are determined by factors such as the contact design, the spring - loaded mechanisms (if any), and the friction between the mating parts.
• Durability and Reliability: Connectors need to be durable to withstand repeated mating and unmating cycles, as well as environmental factors. The materials used in the connector construction, such as the housing and the contacts, should have good mechanical and electrical properties over time. High - quality connectors are designed to resist corrosion, wear, and fatigue. In addition, reliable connectors have a low rate of contact failure, ensuring consistent electrical performance throughout their lifespan.
• Electrical Ratings: Connectors have specific electrical ratings, including voltage and current ratings. The voltage rating determines the maximum voltage that the connector can safely handle without breakdown or arcing. The current rating indicates the maximum current that can flow through the connector without overheating or other electrical failures. These ratings are based on factors such as the size and material of the contacts, the insulation properties of the housing, and the cooling capabilities of the connector design.
• Environmental Resistance: Depending on the application, connectors may need to be resistant to various environmental conditions. This can include resistance to moisture (waterproof or moisture - resistant connectors are used in outdoor or wet - environment applications), dust, chemicals, temperature extremes (from very cold to very hot environments), and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Connectors used in aerospace, automotive, and industrial applications often have strict environmental requirements.

Types of Connector

• Board - to - Board Connectors: These connectors are used to connect two printed circuit boards together. They can be used for vertical or horizontal connections and come in various sizes and pin counts. Some common types include mezzanine connectors and high - density connectors used in computer motherboards and other electronic assemblies.
• Wire - to - Board Connectors: As the name implies, these connectors are used to connect wires or cables to a printed circuit board. They can be through - hole or surface - mount types and are available in different configurations such as IDC (Insulation - Displacement Connector), which can be used to terminate flat - cable conductors directly onto a PCB without the need for soldering.
• Wire - to - Wire Connectors: These connectors are used to join two or more wires together. They include simple butt - connectors, crimp - connectors, and twist - on connectors. In addition, there are more complex wire - to - wire connectors used in automotive and industrial wiring harnesses, which often have features such as locking mechanisms and insulation to ensure a secure and reliable connection.
• Coaxial Connectors: Coaxial connectors are designed to transmit high - frequency signals, such as in radio - frequency (RF) and cable - television applications. They have a characteristic coaxial structure with an inner conductor surrounded by an insulating layer and an outer conductor. Common coaxial connectors include BNC (Bayonet Neill - Concelman), SMA (SubMiniature version A), and F - type connectors.
• Optical Connectors: Optical connectors are used to connect optical fibers for light - signal transmission. They ensure the precise alignment of the fiber cores to minimize signal loss. Examples of optical connectors include SC (Subscriber Connector), LC (Lucent Connector), and ST (Straight Tip) connectors, which are used in fiber - optic communication networks, including telecommunications and data - center applications.
• Power Connectors: Power connectors are designed to handle high - current power transmission. They can range from small connectors used in consumer electronics to large - scale connectors used in power - distribution systems and industrial equipment. Some power connectors have features such as locking mechanisms and large - contact areas to handle high currents and ensure a safe and reliable connection.[!--empirenews.page--]

Precautions for using Connector

• Proper Mating and Alignment: Ensure that the connector is properly mated and aligned during connection. Incorrect mating can lead to bent or damaged contacts, resulting in poor electrical performance or even a complete failure of the connection. Some connectors have keying features or alignment guides to help with correct mating, and these should be used as intended.
• Over - Voltage and Over - Current: Do not exceed the voltage and current ratings of the connector. Over - voltage can cause arcing or dielectric breakdown, while over - current can lead to overheating and damage to the contacts. Calculate the voltage and current requirements of the application and select a connector with appropriate ratings.
• Environmental Protection: If the connector is used in a harsh environment, take appropriate measures to protect it. This may include using waterproof or sealed connectors, shielding against EMI, or providing additional cooling in high - temperature applications. Regularly inspect connectors in such environments for signs of damage or degradation due to environmental factors.
• Contact Cleaning and Maintenance: Over time, the contacts of a connector can become dirty, oxidized, or corroded, which can affect the electrical conductivity. In some applications, it may be necessary to clean the contacts periodically using appropriate cleaning agents and tools. Additionally, ensure that the connector housing is in good condition and that any locking or securing mechanisms are functioning properly.

Things to consider when purchasing Connector

• Application Requirements: Determine the specific requirements of the application, including the type of signal or power to be transmitted (electrical, optical), the number of connections needed, the required speed of transmission (for data - carrying connectors), and the environmental conditions. For example, if you are designing a high - speed data - communication system, you will need connectors that can support the required data rate and have good signal - integrity characteristics.
• Type of Connector: Based on the application, select the appropriate type of connector. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of different types such as board - to - board, wire - to - board, wire - to - wire, coaxial, optical, and power connectors. For instance, if you are connecting two circuit boards in a compact electronic device, a small - sized, high - density board - to - board connector may be the best choice.
• Performance Characteristics: Look at the contact configuration, insertion and withdrawal forces, durability, electrical ratings, and environmental resistance. These performance characteristics should meet the requirements of your application. A connector with a high - pin count and low insertion force may be preferred for applications where frequent connections and disconnections are expected.
• Size and Physical Dimensions: Consider the physical size of the connector. It should fit into the available space in your equipment or circuit board. The size of the connector is related to its type, pin count, and the space requirements of the mating components. In portable electronics, for example, small - sized connectors are essential to save space and reduce the overall size of the device.
• Cost and Budget: Establish a budget for the connector purchase. The cost can vary depending on the type, performance, and brand of the connector. Consider not only the initial purchase price but also the long - term costs such as potential replacement due to failures and any additional costs associated with installation and maintenance. A more expensive connector with better performance and reliability may be a more cost - effective choice in the long run for some applications.
• Manufacturer Support and Training: Select a reputable manufacturer that provides good technical support and training. Operating and using a connector correctly may require some technical knowledge, and the manufacturer should offer resources such as user manuals, online tutorials, and customer support to help you get the most out of the device.

Terms of Connector

• Contact Resistance: The resistance at the interface between the mating contacts of a connector. A low contact resistance is desirable for efficient electrical transmission.
• Insertion Loss: In signal - transmission connectors, the reduction in signal strength (power) that occurs when the signal passes through the connector. It is usually measured in decibels (dB) and is an important factor in high - speed and high - frequency applications.
• Crosstalk: The unwanted coupling of signals between adjacent contacts in a connector. Crosstalk can lead to signal interference and degradation and is minimized through proper connector design and shielding.[!--empirenews.page--]
• Impedance: The characteristic impedance of a connector (especially in high - speed and RF connectors) should match the impedance of the connected transmission lines to minimize signal reflection and ensure good signal integrity.
• Mating Cycle: The process of connecting and disconnecting a connector. The durability of a connector is often specified in terms of the number of mating cycles it can withstand without significant performance degradation.